Jul 2, 2020 · One such example of a knife is the knife below. WASP Injection Knife. The W.A.S.P Injection knife may look relatively unimposing on the surface. But it’s what’s on the inside that counts. This knife was initially developed as a diving knife. WASP INJECTION CO2 KNIFE is currently marketed as a defensive knife for divers, hunters and outdoorsmen. I’m not a diver so I won’t speculate as to its utility as an anti-shark weapon, other than to say it looks a hell of a lot better than nothing.Wasp Knife is a trade name for a large knife that contains a cylinder of compressed gas in the hilt. When stabbing a subject about one cubic foot (or 28 litres) of gas stored at 800 psi is rapidly injected deep into the wound site. The injected gas causes much more damage than a single knife wound, both from the displacement of internal organs and from the freezing effect of the free expansion ... Jun 29, 2017 · WASP INJECTION CO2 KNIFE is currently marketed as a defensive knife for divers, hunters and outdoorsmen. I’m not a diver so I won’t speculate as to its utility as an anti-shark weapon, other than to say it looks a hell of a lot better than nothing. View sold price and similar items: WASP INJECTION KNIFE IN ORIGINAL CASE WITH SHEATH AND 2 CARTRIDGES from Aether Auctions on October 2, 0120 6:00 PM EDT. All items are sold as-is. The absence of a condition report does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free of defects, imperfections, or wear and tear.Watch on. Take down any predator that crosses your path – no matter the size – when armed with the compressed gas injection knife. Apart from its razor sharp edge, the knife injects compressed gas into the prey via a small opening in the blade, causing explosive damage. $499.95.What Happened to the World’s Deadliest Knife? September 3, 2015. Once billed as the ‘World’s Deadliest Knife’, the WASP Injection Knife exploded onto the knife scene in early 2008. The knife received a great deal...Wasp Injection Systems . We are loving the uniqueness and utilitarian injection knife. Collectors, hunters, and knife lovers enjoy our knife. Get one today!!! Wasp Injection Systems is the Originator of the Wasp Injection Knife.WASP Injection Systems also offers an “Aviation & Marine Safety Knife” and a “Special Ops/Tactical Knife.”. Look closely and you will see that the only difference between the three is handle material and style. The blade is identical from model to model and is made of ¼-inch 440C stainless steel. The clip-point pattern has a small gas ...May 8, 2016 · They decided that the victim was never dead enough from said stabbing, and thus the WASP Injector Knife was born. Created by WASP Injection Systens, the WASP Injector Knife (or WASPIK) features all the qualities of a regular knife (such as a handle and stabby part), but with the added benefits of a compressed gas cartridge stored securely in ... The WASP knife, which is also called an air injection knife, is a unique type of knife that is designed to release compressed gas when it comes in contact with its target. This gas release creates an explosion that is powerful enough to puncture through a person’s protective gear and cause devastating wounds.Cold Steel Drop Forged Wasp Fixed Knife Full Tang Blade 52100 Steel W/sheath New. Opens in a new window or tab. Brand New. C $94.34. Top Rated Seller Top Rated Seller.Once billed as the ‘World’s Deadliest Knife’, the WASP Injection Knife exploded onto the knife scene in early 2008. The knife received a great deal of attention in the media and on YouTube because of its unique and deadly action.Oct 30, 2021 · MERCH - https://gascanco.com/collections/tylertubeTwitch - https://www.twitch.tv/tyler_tubeGaming channel - @TylerTubetoo join the minecraft server! - play.t... Jan 14, 2022 · North Carolina law, § 14-269, restricts the concealed carry of any bowie knife, dirk, dagger, razor, or “other deadly weapon of like kind,” except when one is on his own premises. There is an “ordinary pocketknife” exception that does not extend to some location-based restrictions such as schools. Whether this exception creates a ... Oct 23, 2020 · The WASP Injector Knife is made of surgical stainless steel, making it ideal for land or water use. With an optional Max Charge adapter, the knife holds up to 24 grams of pressurized CO2. The WASP Injector Knife would make a perfect backup for those diving in shark-infested waters, moving through grizzly country, or taking on home invaders. Thanks so much for all the love and support guys!!! Grab a shirt/hoodie/patch and join the Demolitia today!!! https://www.bunkerbranding.com/pages/demolition...Amazon.com: Wasp Knife 1-48 of 274 results for "wasp knife" Results Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. Cold Steel Drop Forged Wasp Series Fixed Blade Knife Battle Ring II ,One Size 187 $6398 Typical: $67.15 FREE delivery Wed, Sep 13 Or fastest delivery Tue, Sep 12 Cold Steel Drop Forged Wasp Fixed Knife Full Tang Blade 52100 Steel W/sheath New. Opens in a new window or tab. Brand New. C $94.34. Top Rated Seller Top Rated Seller. Aug 31, 2016 · Aug 13, 2016. Messages. 408. Aug 31, 2016. #1. Hi guys. I want to know the laws for the WASP injection knife in Canada. I've looked extensively and haven't found any laws against it, but I'm afraid customs will confiscate it anyway. Does anybody know if there is a law against it? Aug 13, 2016. Messages. 408. Aug 31, 2016. #1. Hi guys. I want to know the laws for the WASP injection knife in Canada. I've looked extensively and haven't found any laws against it, but I'm afraid customs will confiscate it anyway. Does anybody know if there is a law against it?In 2002, an intern who stole moon rocks from NASA, spread the rocks on his bed and had sex on them, resulting in the contamination making the rocks virtually useless to the scientific community. He was sentenced to more than 8 years in prison. 20K. 613. Justincur94 • 21 hr. ago.AUBEY Damascus Pocket Knife, Tanto VG10 Core Damascus Steel Folding Knives with Liner Lock, Ball Bearing, Aluminum Alloy Non-Slip Handle and Glass Breaker, EDC Damascus Knife for Men Women (Black) 762. 200+ bought in past month. $3299. List: $35.99. Save $3.00 with coupon. Re: WASP Knife - Get one now before they're declared illegal. Interesting piece but not for $500.In some states you'd likely get busted for having drug paraphernalia (an illegal hypodermic needle) The last questionable knife I bought was declared illegal by a Federal law in 1986.Look it up;I ain't gonna mention it.Handmade Tracker Knife Damascus Knife for Hunting Camping - 10 Inch Damascus Steel Hunting Tracker Knife with Horizontal Carry Sheath - Fixed Blade Survival tactical full tang Bushcraft Knife (Black Micarta) 4.4 (120) Save 30%. $3499 $49.99. Lowest price in 30 days. FREE delivery Thu, Dec 29. They decided that the victim was never dead enough from said stabbing, and thus the WASP Injector Knife was born. Created by WASP Injection Systens, the WASP Injector Knife (or WASPIK) features all the qualities of a regular knife (such as a handle and stabby part), but with the added benefits of a compressed gas cartridge stored securely in ...It may also be known as a push knife, punch knife, or punch dagger. This dagger originated in the early 19th century as a close-combat weapon predominantly used by civilians. The push dagger was also used during World War I and hand-to-hand combat in trench warfare. 3. Centrifugal Knife or Butterfly Knife. Or the wasp injection knife, a knife that can be loaded with a CO2 cartridge, it is a diving knife, that, when you stab something, you press the button and releases an amount of CO2 equivalent to more air within a basketball ball, which if underwater freezes the wound, which prevents the fish/shark from bleeding and attracting more sharks, and ...The WASP knife, which is also called an air injection knife, is a unique type of knife that is designed to release compressed gas when it comes in contact with its target. This gas release creates an explosion that is powerful enough to puncture through a person’s protective gear and cause devastating wounds.Mar 9, 2018 · https://www.youtube.com/user/inoxesoxMOC / Homemade Wasp Injection Knife with 25 gram co2 vs. WatermelonBlade length 174mm (6,85") overall 360mm (14,17")Впры... Amazon.com: Wasp Knife 1-48 of 274 results for "wasp knife" Results Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. Cold Steel Drop Forged Wasp Series Fixed Blade Knife Battle Ring II ,One Size 187 $6398 Typical: $67.15 FREE delivery Wed, Sep 13 Or fastest delivery Tue, Sep 12 Mar 9, 2018 · https://www.youtube.com/user/inoxesoxMOC / Homemade Wasp Injection Knife with 25 gram co2 vs. WatermelonBlade length 174mm (6,85") overall 360mm (14,17")Впры... ejm13c. Selling a Wasp gas injection knife, with the ribbed neoprene grip. Found the knife in a spring and want to sell it to help buy a BCD. In good working condition. Comes with just the knife and no sheath. 350$ or best offer!Overview. This scuba knife features a clip point blade with serrated spine, 1/4" blade stock and 1" blade depth, hidden tang construction. The blade has a gas injection system. The handle has a titanium guard with push button for CO2 release, and removable rubber handle where the CO2 cartridge is installed. Comes with original box.Watch on. Take down any predator that crosses your path – no matter the size – when armed with the compressed gas injection knife. Apart from its razor sharp edge, the knife injects compressed gas into the prey via a small opening in the blade, causing explosive damage. $499.95.It is a surgical stainless steel knife with a gas canister in the handle. When you stab a victim, the knife "injects a freezing cold ball of compressed gas, approximately the size of a basketball ...A simple knife is OK to have, but when it comes down to the last line of defense you want to be carrying something that will get the job done.Introducing the WASP Injection Knife. A multi-shot gas injection weapon that is devastating to any living creature and will drop some of the largest mammals in a single stab.OMTech Knife Working Bed for 12x20 CO2 Laser Engravers 20pc Aluminum Blade Set. Brand New. $52.79. Top Rated Plus. Was: $65.99 20% off. directsale2you (2,381) 99.7%. or Best Offer. Free shipping. Free returns.Mar 6, 2018 · https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUK9KCSoHj8KgsDl1ZdJIbgMOC / Homemade Wasp Injection KnifeBlade length 174mm (6,85") overall 360mm (14,17")Впрыскивающий ... Sep 3, 2015 · What Happened to the World’s Deadliest Knife? September 3, 2015. Once billed as the ‘World’s Deadliest Knife’, the WASP Injection Knife exploded onto the knife scene in early 2008. The knife received a great deal... It is a surgical stainless steel knife with a gas canister in the handle. When you stab a victim, the knife "injects a freezing cold ball of compressed gas, approximately the size of a basketball ...This item Knives - Custom Handmade Inch knife - Hand Forged Damascus steel Knife - Knife With Sheath - (9871) PAL 2000 KNIVES Knife - Handmade Damascus Steel 13.00 Inches Hunting Vivi Knife Buffalo Horn Handle Snbb 9744May 31, 2011 · Soon, Stabler identifies the weapon: "It was a WASP injection knife, developed for the Navy Seals for the special punch it packs. Inside the handle is a canister which injects CO2 into whatever you are stabbing, and it blows them to bits." The show discussed the knife's capabilities at length--it was like a five minute promotional film. Introducing the WASP Injection Knife. A multi-shot gas injection weapon that is devistating to any living creature and will drop some of the largest mammals in a single stab. This easy-to-use, easy-to-reload weapon delivers up to a 24g shot of compressed gas at 800 psi. on land or underwater. It is silent when used and deadly to our enemies.Oct 17, 2014 · 🎥Camera Gear I Use LINKS below: 👇🏽Camera 1 https://amzn.to/2STFMZLCamera 2 https://amzn.to/2GAMmiQCamera 3 https://amzn.to/2ylLASyCamera 4 https://amzn.t... Cold Steel Drop Forged Wasp Fixed Knife Full Tang Blade 52100 Steel W/sheath New. Opens in a new window or tab. Brand New. $68.73. Top Rated Plus.Home The Wasp Micro OTF (Multiple styles) $ 16.00. or 4 interest-free payments of $ 4.00 with. Description. Reviews. Shipping. Returns. The black style has a black blade, not silver.By James Plafke May 23rd, 2011, 3:13 pm. The appropriately-named WASP Injector Knife, from WASP Injection Systems, Inc. — a company that has the disclaimer “WASP Injection Systems, Inc. does ...Or the wasp injection knife, a knife that can be loaded with a CO2 cartridge, it is a diving knife, that, when you stab something, you press the button and releases an amount of CO2 equivalent to more air within a basketball ball, which if underwater freezes the wound, which prevents the fish/shark from bleeding and attracting more sharks, and ...Help SUPPORT GY6, consider becoming Patron @ http://www.Patreon.com/GY6_____This is a look at the W.A.S.P. Tactical Knife, it allows you to not only stab you...The wasp knife. injects a freezing cold ball of compressed gas, approximately the size of a basketball, at 800psi nearly instantly. The effects of this injection will drop many of the world’s largest land predators. OMTech Knife Working Bed for 12x20 CO2 Laser Engravers 20pc Aluminum Blade Set. Brand New. $52.79. Top Rated Plus. Was: $65.99 20% off. directsale2you (2,381) 99.7%. or Best Offer. Free shipping. Free returns. Amazon.com: Wasp Knife 1-48 of 274 results for "wasp knife" Results Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. Cold Steel Drop Forged Wasp Series Fixed Blade Knife Battle Ring II ,One Size 187 $6398 Typical: $67.15 FREE delivery Wed, Sep 13 Or fastest delivery Tue, Sep 12 This item Knives - Custom Handmade Inch knife - Hand Forged Damascus steel Knife - Knife With Sheath - (9871) PAL 2000 KNIVES Knife - Handmade Damascus Steel 13.00 Inches Hunting Vivi Knife Buffalo Horn Handle Snbb 9744WASP Injection Knife is a seriously dangerous gas propellant weapon. Doesn't it warrant being feature in this list? Jellinator 01:13, 10 December 2019 (UTC) Reply []. I wasn't able to find a Wikipedia article that mentions it.Aug 6, 2008 · The Wasp Injector Knife comes from Wasp Injection Systems Inc, a US company. This is their promotional video. This is their promotional video. According to Wasp's website : FUNBRO EDC Pocket Knife for Men, Tanto Folding Knives with 7CR13Mov Stainless Steel Blade, Slim Survival Knife with Clip, Window Breaker, Flipper Open and Liner Lock for Outdoor Camping. 624. 1K+ bought in past month. Limited time deal. $999. List: $16.99.Feb 11, 2016 · Nothing to see here, folks, right? Not so fast, chump, especially when there are things like the WASP Injection Knife, which made its debut in 2008 as “the world’s deadliest knife.”. Those outside the knife world might not have heard of it, likely because no one they know owns one given that $500 price tag. Amazon.com: Wasp Knife 1-48 of 274 results for "wasp knife" Results Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. Cold Steel Drop Forged Wasp Series Fixed Blade Knife Battle Ring II ,One Size 187 $6398 Typical: $67.15 FREE delivery Wed, Sep 13 Or fastest delivery Tue, Sep 12 Jun 16, 2008 · Introducing the WASP Injection Knife. A multi-shot gas injection weapon that is devistating to any living creature and will drop some of the largest mammals in a single stab. This easy-to-use, easy-to-reload weapon delivers up to a 24g shot of compressed gas at 800 psi. on land or underwater. It is silent when used and deadly to our enemies. Knives at Knife CenterMay 24, 2011 · The aptly named WASP Injector Knife shoots a compressed basketball-sized ball of gas into the victim where it instantly freezes then explodes the internal organs at 800psi. You might be wondering why anyone would need this knife besides the criminals on “Law & Order” and those looking to blow up watermelons (see video below). In 2002, an intern who stole moon rocks from NASA, spread the rocks on his bed and had sex on them, resulting in the contamination making the rocks virtually useless to the scientific community. He was sentenced to more than 8 years in prison. 20K. 613. Justincur94 • 21 hr. ago.MERCH - https://gascanco.com/collections/tylertubeTwitch - https://www.twitch.tv/tyler_tubeGaming channel - @TylerTubetoo join the minecraft server! - play.t...May 31, 2011 · Soon, Stabler identifies the weapon: "It was a WASP injection knife, developed for the Navy Seals for the special punch it packs. Inside the handle is a canister which injects CO2 into whatever you are stabbing, and it blows them to bits." The show discussed the knife's capabilities at length--it was like a five minute promotional film. As used in this section, the term “ballistic knife” means a knife with a detachable blade that is propelled by a spring-operated mechanism. Pub. L. 85-623, Sec. 7, Oct. 27, 1986. Amended Nov. 18, 1988. In plain English, a ballistic knife is essentially a blade attached to a hollow handle that fits inside of another outer hollow handle ...The wasp is basically a copy of the Farallon Shark Dart from the 1960s. Despite the rather unimpressive performance in the videos on youtube, the originals worked extremely well. I saw a vintage film demonstrating that at Beneath the Sea a few years back.FIGHTSENSE Heavy Duty Pain Pen stun Gun with Flashlight & Pepper Spray for Men and Women self-Defense with 35,000,000 V Intolerable Charge, USB Rechar. 317. 50+ bought in past month. $1499. Typical: $17.99. Ballistic knife. A ballistic knife is a knife with a detachable blade that can be ejected to a distance of several meters / yards by pressing a trigger or operating a lever or switch on the handle. [1] [2] Spring-powered ballistic knives first appeared in books and press reports on Soviet and Eastern Bloc armed forces in the late 1970s.Help SUPPORT GY6, consider becoming Patron @ http://www.Patreon.com/GY6_____This is a look at the W.A.S.P. Tactical Knife, it allows you to not only stab you...The deeper you go underwater the higher the ambient pressure around you becomes. So the deeper you go the less the gas in cartridge expands upon exit because the pressure differential shrinks. So the deeper you go, the weaker any cooling effect the knife has becomes. Water would actually start to flow into the cartridge at depth around 575 feet ... Jun 19, 2008 · Wasp Knives offers the WASP knife with a variety of options in handle materials and finishes. Base price is $379.95 according to the Wasp Knives online-store. A degree of debate is raging as to ... www.knifecenter.comKnives at Knife CenterPine Cleaver Folding Knives $ 19.95 – $ 22.95. Carbon Torpedo OTF's $ 49.00 – $ 64.95. Blue Gray Stonewash. Vengeance Cleaver Folding Knives $ 22.95. Mystery Knife Pack (6 Knives) $ 109.95 $ 59.95. White marble Pakkwood grain All black Entire collection Black & pakkawood. 12" Big Boy Stilettos Collection $ 22.95 – $ 74.00. AUBEY Damascus Pocket Knife, Tanto VG10 Core Damascus Steel Folding Knives with Liner Lock, Ball Bearing, Aluminum Alloy Non-Slip Handle and Glass Breaker, EDC Damascus Knife for Men Women (Black) 762. 200+ bought in past month. $3299. List: $35.99. Save $3.00 with coupon.Neoprene Sheath Adjustable Strap Scuba Diving Snorkeling Knife Wrap Leg Holder. AU $23.72. Was: AU $25.78. Free postage. 107 sold. SPONSORED.
May 31, 2011 · Soon, Stabler identifies the weapon: "It was a WASP injection knife, developed for the Navy Seals for the special punch it packs. Inside the handle is a canister which injects CO2 into whatever you are stabbing, and it blows them to bits." The show discussed the knife's capabilities at length--it was like a five minute promotional film. . Ddb 180
Wasp Injection Systems . We are loving the uniqueness and utilitarian injection knife. Collectors, hunters, and knife lovers enjoy our knife. Get one today!!! Wasp Injection Systems is the Originator of the Wasp Injection Knife.The deeper you go underwater the higher the ambient pressure around you becomes. So the deeper you go the less the gas in cartridge expands upon exit because the pressure differential shrinks. So the deeper you go, the weaker any cooling effect the knife has becomes. Water would actually start to flow into the cartridge at depth around 575 feet ...Wasp Knife is a trade name for a large knife that contains a cylinder of compressed gas in the hilt. When stabbing a subject about one cubic foot (or 28 litres) of gas stored at 800 psi is rapidly injected deep into the wound site. The injected gas causes much more damage than a single knife wound, both from the displacement of internal organs and from the freezing effect of the free expansion ... Overall, the WASP injection knife stands out as one of the most dangerous knives known to man. This is because of the CO2 gas it contains. Other deadly blades worth considering include the Tri-edge dagger, Trench, Ka-Bar USMC Butterfly, Bowies, Gerber Mark II, and Ballistic. That said, several features make these knives more dangerous than others.Oct 4, 2016 · This Wasp scuba knife features a clip point blade with serrated spine, 1/4" blade stock and 1" blade depth, hidden tang construction. The blade has a gas injection system. The handle has a titanium guard with push button for CO2 release, and removable rubber handle where the CO2 cartridge is installed. Comes with original box and papers. Excellent condition. Jun 19, 2008 · Wasp Knives offers the WASP knife with a variety of options in handle materials and finishes. Base price is $379.95 according to the Wasp Knives online-store. A degree of debate is raging as to ... 3,702. Reaction score. 3,603. Location. USA. Apr 11, 2019. #2. The Wasp Knife is not illegal to manufacture or posses according to Florida knife laws. The only type of knife that is banned/illegal in Florida are ballistic knives which are defined as having a blade that can separate and be propelled from the handle.The idea is that, after the blade enters whatever you need it to enter (nod, nod, wink, wink), you push a button and the freezing cold, compressed gas shoots out at 800psi. Thus, incapacitating whatever your target is. It’s a one-shot deal and then you have to unscrew the handle and replace the CO2 cartridge.Feb 1, 2015 · In: Gear Weapons. ADDITIONAL IMAGES & VIDEOS. . RELATED PRODUCTS. Wasp Handle Commando Knife - $175.00. Wasp Jak Hammer - $30.39. Promate SCUBA Titanium Knife - $43.95. Cressi Borg Long Blade Diving Knife - $41.95. Kershaw Amphibian - Kydex Sheath Knife - $36.79. Apr 11, 2019 · 3,702. Reaction score. 3,603. Location. USA. Apr 11, 2019. #2. The Wasp Knife is not illegal to manufacture or posses according to Florida knife laws. The only type of knife that is banned/illegal in Florida are ballistic knives which are defined as having a blade that can separate and be propelled from the handle. AUBEY Damascus Pocket Knife, Tanto VG10 Core Damascus Steel Folding Knives with Liner Lock, Ball Bearing, Aluminum Alloy Non-Slip Handle and Glass Breaker, EDC Damascus Knife for Men Women (Black) 762. 200+ bought in past month. $3299. List: $35.99. Save $3.00 with coupon.Sep 3, 2015 · What Happened to the World’s Deadliest Knife? September 3, 2015. Once billed as the ‘World’s Deadliest Knife’, the WASP Injection Knife exploded onto the knife scene in early 2008. The knife received a great deal... The WASP Injection Knife is designed to inject high-pressure gas into a wound cavity through a hole in the blade, rather than using gas to propel the blade forward. This is said to expand and freeze the wound, inflicting more damage to the target. On WaspInjection.com, the knife's manufacturer states: Subscribe Today and Save! Get the MagJun 26, 2022 · Check Price on Amazon. TUSA FK-910/920 X-Pert II Dive Knife. Check Price on Amazon. SZCO Supplies 9″ Blue Diver’s Utility Knife with Leg Strap Sheath (210424-BL) Check Price on Amazon. TUSA FK-940 X-Ppert II Titanium Dive Knife. Check Price on Amazon. Promate Scuba Dive Snorkel Titanium Knife (4 3/8″ Blade) with Straps and Sheath. Oct 4, 2016 · This Wasp scuba knife features a clip point blade with serrated spine, 1/4" blade stock and 1" blade depth, hidden tang construction. The blade has a gas injection system. The handle has a titanium guard with push button for CO2 release, and removable rubber handle where the CO2 cartridge is installed. Comes with original box and papers. Excellent condition. As used in this section, the term “ballistic knife” means a knife with a detachable blade that is propelled by a spring-operated mechanism. Pub. L. 85-623, Sec. 7, Oct. 27, 1986. Amended Nov. 18, 1988. In plain English, a ballistic knife is essentially a blade attached to a hollow handle that fits inside of another outer hollow handle ...Once billed as the ‘World’s Deadliest Knife’, the WASP Injection Knife exploded onto the knife scene in early 2008. The knife received a great deal of attention in the media and on YouTube because of its unique and deadly action.OMTech Knife Working Bed for 12x20 CO2 Laser Engravers 20pc Aluminum Blade Set. Brand New. $52.79. Top Rated Plus. Was: $65.99 20% off. directsale2you (2,381) 99.7%. or Best Offer. Free shipping. Free returns. There are a few special knives out in the world that can do some serious damage. From cutting up an apple to killing a huge prey like a shark, these blades will make sure you’re ready for anything! One type of this kind of knife is a wasp injection knife. In 2008 a group of … Read moreMay 23, 2011 · By James Plafke May 23rd, 2011, 3:13 pm. The appropriately-named WASP Injector Knife, from WASP Injection Systems, Inc. — a company that has the disclaimer “WASP Injection Systems, Inc. does ... .